Developing the Employee, Developing the Company ¾

The world of business is changing everyday. New trends, new markets, and new ideas open to a more competitive business setting, requiring companies to keep themselves at par with the others. One way for companies to do this is to support professional continuing education for their employees.However, given hectic schedules, corporate deadlines, and the steep price tag attached to professional continuing education, many employees think twice before taking up professional courses—but not when companies are willing to help. To compete, companies must open themselves to professional development strategies for their employees which can be made possible through educational funding and time management support.It is understandable for some firms to feel uncomfortable about spending for their employees’ college tuition fees. For one, manpower piracy is a reality in business and when this happens to an employee whose education was funded by the company, it is an automatic loss for the firm.Also, employees may not be able to balance work and education at the same time; and when the employee loses grip on either of the two it is the company who loses in the end. Still, strategic planning and compromise can help the company help the employees with their desire to continue their education while overcoming these fears and risks.In a survey done in Boston, more companies are again willing to pay for their employees’ continuing college education after the trend declined years back. (DeMarco, 2005) This is not surprising. Now, more than ever, companies know that professional education gives a holistic effect to their companies.While uplifting the lives of employees through education, companies receive a lot of perks and privileges just by sending their employees to school again.Multiple BenefitsStrategic funding of professional education among employees allows them to take courses for free or at a discounted rate, making them feel good about working in their firms and attracting them to stay. They also receive new ideas, new experiences, and get to mingle with new people who can help them excel in their fields.Education also protects them within the competitive employment world where younger, more skilled workers are entering everyday. But employees are not only the ones who benefit from these educational programs. Companies are likewise positively affected.DeMarco (2005) states that companies who offer professional development programs such as tuition fee reimbursement, tuition fee funding, or tuition fee discounting are more attractive to applicants than those companies who do not have similar programs.In effect, employees are also more likely to stay in these companies and not think of jumping to another firm who does not offer professional development packages. Most importantly, companies improve their stand in the business world when they help their employees develop themselves.Theories change, practices change, and industries chan ge. Employees who continue their education as professionals bring to the company new ideas and skills that are useful for the company to move forward and face growing competition.The article Six Ways to Encourage Employee Development (2007) agrees to this, saying that the best benefit that a company can get on funding their employees’ education is the expertise, which can be cost-effective for the company sooner or later.By helping employees attain professional courses, the company creates a pool of in-house knowledge that is easily accessible for the company at less cost because the company will no longer need to subscribe to outsourcing services. In the end, the company benefits from the lead it can take in terms of market trends.ApprehensionsBut then again companies may not fully subscribe to the idea of retention through continuing education. Anything can happen, so to speak. Employees can suddenly quit their jobs, switch employers, fail the course, or lose the balance be tween work and school. Again, strategic planning is the answer.Companies can offer educational funding while protecting their interests on the side. To begin with, firms should know exactly what type of courses should be funded and it follows that these should be courses that will be useful for the operation of the company.The company should also assess their ability to fund the program, and identify if full reimbursement, discounting, or upfront funding will be workable for both the employee and the employer. It is also important to set conditions such as a holding period for the employee after his education has been funded, or a grade requirement to determine the percentages of the funding that may be given.(Establishing a tuition reimbursement program, 2007) This can solve much of the dilemma that a company may have in supporting professional continuing education for their employees.Time ManagementWhen a company finally decides to offer funding for the professional continuing edu cation of their employees, the responsibility does not stop in the finances. School can take considerable time and effort from students, especially for adults who have work and familial responsibilities. All three roles can be physically and emotionally demanding, if not draining.On the other hand, it is understandable for companies to expect good results from these studying workers. Besides, they are hired to work for the company so they must perform impressively at work; and they are assisted in their professional education so they should also bring in good grades. But companies should also understand the difficulty of maintaining an everyday balance between work and school life among other things.Thus, it is helpful for companies to offer these studying employees options in handling work, school, and their personal lives. Flexible working hours, telecommuting options, and minor exceptions to work attendance regulations when needed such as during examination periods can do so much for an employee to manage his time.In doing so, the employees are in top shape at work and school, and still have time for his personal responsibilities. It will also then be right for the company to demand good performance from the employee on both aspects. (Establishing a tuition reimbursement program, 2007)An InvestmentOffering tuition fee funding schemes and time leniency to employees can take a lot of effort from companies, and there are also a lot of risks. However, employers can rest assured that with a strategically planned education plan for their employees, every dollar is well spent.While it is not a requirement for companies to offer such privilege to employees, it helps them build a good reputation and allows them to invest in something that will never fail.Education is a good investment that benefits the employee-students and the company as well. While education can require a large sum of money and patience in the part of employers especially when the studying employe e is caught between a school and a work deadline, the company will surely benefit. And as with good investments, the rewards are in the end.ReferencesDeMarco,P. 2005. Companies pick up college tab. Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2005/09/25/companies_pick_up_college_tab/Establishing a tuition reimbursement program. 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development/1163-1.htmlSix ways to encourage employee development. 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development/1240-1.html

William Wordsworth’s poem Upon Westminster Bridge is a sonnet

William Wordsworth's poem Upon Westminster Bridge is a sonnet, it creates a pleasurable passage that is easily read and understood while still accessing a great deal of emotion and image form. It gives different readers, many different interpretations of what the poem is about, the images and emotions felt, yet still maintaining the secret of what Wordsworth himself would have had in mind about the meaning of the poem. Upon Westminster Bridge creates for the reader that sense of awe that was felt by William Wordsworth whilst gazing upon the view of London and this awe can also be felt by the readers themselves. This sense of awe can be seen from the very beginning of the passage, â€Å"Earth has not anything to show more fair:† just the language used is like a spell cast upon the reader giving off a sense of calmness and tranquillity. This feeling in the language is reflected in the atmosphere of the time in which the poem is set, early morning, just as the sun is starting to show above the horizon. Where the citizens of London are still in bed, the busy city still asleep and motionless. The impression of religious symbology can also be felt in this poem. â€Å"Dull would he be the soul who could pass by†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the word â€Å"soul† in this line gives the reader the impression of a reverential tone. Soul is a word that is used mostly in a religious context and having it in the poem lets off the feeling of the peace, and heavenliness. â€Å"Dear God! the very houses seem asleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this can be taken as an emphasis on the reverential tone of the poem. â€Å"Dear God!† this reference to God fits in and confirms the â€Å"soul† and heightens the religious atmosphere. The first stanza in this poem is like an opening to the rest, an appetiser. â€Å"A sight so touching in its majesty:† The use of sight, so, its, majesty, is to put emphases on the soft sound of the â€Å"s†. This softness is linked to â€Å"touching†. This magnificent view is only softly touching him, the poet, with all this to take in he hasn't yet absorbed the full beauty. This can be seen as one of the most important and meaningful lines in this passage, it uses stillness and serenity, creating the mood, and linking the setting to the poet's feelings at the time. William Wordsworth uses similes in this poem to connect a lifeless thing like the city of London, to humanity, and the natural world to create a unity of all three. â€Å"This City now doth like a garment wear The beauty of the morning†, humans wear clothing, gowns to make us look more beautiful. What this line is saying is that the city wears the morning like a beautiful gown, and the morning is making the city look more splendid, giving it the connection to humans and making it come to life. The use of words with short syllables can make the reader feel informed. It helps capture a huge amount of detail in very little words. â€Å"†¦Ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples lie open unto the fields, and to the sky†¦Ã¢â‚¬  looking at this the reader would start slow and read faster and faster as the list progresses, this is the influence of short syllable words. This paints a mental image in the reader's head as if watching a movie, an elaborate scene with beautiful scenery, and the camera pans across slowly at a constant rate capturing every flower, every tree, hill and a small bee flying across the screen. â€Å"†¦Open unto the fields, and to the sky.† â€Å"In his first splendour valley, rock or hill† and amongst all this artificial beauty of towers and ship the beauty of nature still manages to show through and enhance the whole image. The last stanza raps up the whole of the poem; it recreates the mood of awe and also puts in a little shock. â€Å"Dear God! the very houses seem asleep†; this time the â€Å"Dear God!† is used in a different way. It serves the purpose of heightening the religious feeling, but also heightens the awe and pushes it into shock. It is used almost in a blasphemous way; using God's name in vain. William Wordsworth's appreciation of beauty is revealed not only in the images and similes he chose to use, but also in the gracefully modulated sentences. The rhyming of the last word in the first and last stanza reinforces the reverence Wordsworth felt all his life to the God he understood to be in all nature. Wordsworth's personality and poetry were deeply influenced by his love of nature, romanticising what he saw in the natural world.

History of Corrections Essay

The corrections system in America began mostly with the arrival of William Penn and his â€Å"Great Law.† This was back in 1682; the â€Å"Great Law† was based on humane principals and also focused on hard labor as a punishment. The corrections system really began to take hold in North America in the late 1700’s with the idea’s and philosophy of Beccaria, Bentham, and Howard. These philosophies were based on the thought that prisoners could be treated and reformed back into society. This hard labor was used as an alternative to other cruel forms of punishments that were used in earlier times such as physical abuse or even brutal death. In 1790 came the birth of the Penitentiary in Philadelphia. The penitentiary was different than other systems in that it isolated prisoners, â€Å" †¦isolated from the bad influences of society and one from another so that, while engaged in productive labor, they could reflect on their past miss-deeds†¦and be reformed,† (Clear, Cole, Reisig). The American penitentiary and its new concept was observed and adopted by other foreign countries. The Pennsylvania system of the penitentiary was based on inmate isolation so that they could ponder their past behavioral choices. In this system the inmates were confined to labor on their own. In New York they had a different system, known as the Auburn system. This system differed from the Pennsylvania system because inmates would come together during the day to do their work and labor but were otherwise held in isolation. In the early 1900’s a group of progressives sought to reform the ways of the corrections system. Their ideas about the cause of crime were more centered around the social, economic, and psychological pressures on people. The progressives brought up programs that were discussed in 1870 at the Cincinnati meeting. These programs included probation, parole, and other indeterminate sentences that are still used in corrections today. As we can see the penitentiary system has changed over the years. As we advance and learn more as a society, we are able to fine tune these programs for all parties involved. Overall, the key point of all of these systems and the ultimate goal is public safety. Keeping our people safe and moving in a peaceful direction is essential to our society. Goals of Corrections The corrections system in the U.S. has five main goals when dealing with criminal sanctions. Originally the system had four main goals: Retribution, Deterrence, Incapacitation, and Rehabilitation. Later on there was much focus placed on a fifth goal: Restorative and Community Justice. These goals are designed to be effective toward different types of criminals and a combination may be used in many cases. Retribution, also known as Deserved Punishment, is much like the old saying â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†(Clear, Cole, Reisig). Basically this is a punishment where the severity of the sentence should fit the severity of the crime. If a criminal has done wrong to someone then they deserve to feel that same wrong doing. There are two types of Deterrence used in corrections. The first is just a general deterrence, which is a method of using punishments and making them visible to the public with the goal of deterring others in the public from wanting to commit crime. Public hangings were once used as this type of deterrence. The other type is directed toward the criminal in hopes that they will not repeat crimes in the future. The punishment is to be severe enough to discourage any future criminal activity. This type is called Specific Deterrence. â€Å"Deterrence theory contends that if the public knows the consequences of deviance, many individuals will not commit a crime† (Long). Incapacitation is typically understood as the detainment of a criminal. The goal of incapacitation is to keep criminals from being able to commit further crimes. There are several different ways of using incapacitation. Reducing the movement and involvement of a criminal in society will hopefully reduce crime on the streets. â€Å"†¦ incapacitation focuses on the characteristics of the offenders instead of the characteristics of the offenses†(Clear, Cole, Reisig). Rehabilitation is more of a therapeutic method to help the criminal ditch crime and become a constructive member in society. â€Å"Rehabilitation involves teaching inmates silks and trades that will, hopefully, give them a chance to become law-abiding citizens once they are released from prison† (Long). This method is looked at as more of a treatment than a punishment, to guide the criminal to make better choices and live a better life. Restorative or Community Justice is a fairly new concept. It is aimed more at repairing damages caused by the crime to the victim(s) and the community involved. In this method the victim lays out conditions for the offender and what is necessary to help repair any losses. The community provides assistance to help restore the offender to the community. Some say that this method can be dangerous and bypasses certain safeguards. The goals of corrections are solid efforts to reduce crime. There are many improvements that could be made. As we learn and test these methods, they need to be fine tuned and have the bugs worked out. If something isn’t working in the appropriate way it needs to be addressed and refocused. I think that many of these goals will become weak and maybe overlooked with the new AB 109 bill and other reforms currently taking place in California Corrections. Prison Sanctions There are three types of sentencing structures used in the corrections system. Each type leaves some discretion for the judge and varies on the goals for the criminal. The different methods used are called: indeterminate sentences, determinate sentences, and mandatory sentences. Indeterminate sentences go in line with the idea of rehabilitation. These sentences usually have a minimum and a maximum term. It is a range and the courts use this range to determine parole and it is somewhat based on the amount of time given for a treatment program. The purpose behind this form of sentencing is incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation. Determinate sentencing is quite the opposite from indeterminate, hence the name. This sentencing structure follows the concept of retribution mainly. Retribution is a deserved punishment, so basically the offender is given a length of sentence based on the crime that was committed. It is a fixed sentence that goes with the specific crime committed. After the offender has served his time he is then released and is free to go without any parole or program ties. The third sentencing structure is mandatory sentencing. This structure is based on the crime committed. It has a minimum time period attached to certain crimes that the government deems fit. This type of sentencing does not take into account the different circumstances of the crime but only looks at the crime itself. â€Å"The ‘three strikes and you’re out’ laws, now adopted by several states and the federal government, provide one example of mandatory sentencing†(Clear, Cole, Reisig). The purpose behind these sentences is incapacitation and deterrence. The sentencing structures are all a bit different. I am not sure if I can say for sure that I agree with any one more than another. I think the best way may be a good mix between indeterminate and mandatory. I do agree with the idea of the rehabilitation concept to an extent but the severity of some crimes should absolutely be accompanied with a minimum period to ensure some justice. Probation, Parole, and Intermediate Sanctions Probation, Parole, and Intermediate sanctions all seem to stem from similar concepts and ideas. Each of these forms of punishment seems to be a way of easing the harsh criminal laws for certain offenders in some cases. They were all developed in order to provide different means to support the offenders’ restoration in society. Probation, which began with John Augustus in 1841, allows the offender to serve out a punishment in the community while under supervision rather than be sent to prison. John Augustus is known as the first probation officer. He began by helping people with bail back in Boston in the 1830s. It was introduced as a way to â€Å"†¦ alleviate the harshness of the criminal law† (Clear, Cole, Reisig). It is now a form of sentencing that includes investigation and supervision and is used in every state today. Captain Alexander Maconochie, who I believe is actually an ancestor of mine but will need to do more research, created a system back in the mid 1800s that would reward prisoners based on their good behavior. He developed stages that prisoners could go through based on their conduct that were like steps to freedom. He is the founder of the concept behind what we call parole today. His staged system was to gauge the offenders willingness to accept society’s rules much like parole is supervision back into society with a set of rules. This system is also a way to ease the intensity of criminal law for those with good conduct. Intermediate Sanctions came about a bit later but for very similar reasons. Some expressed these reasons as: â€Å"†¦ imprisonment is too restrictive for many offenders, traditional probation does not work with most offenders, and justice is well served by having options in between† (Clear, Cole, Reisig). These were other ways of softening the criminal laws for offenders based on certain circumstances. These intermediate sanctions were aimed at lower risk offenders as a type of rehabilitation effort. The different intermediate sanctions include programs such as: community service, restitution, home confinement, boot camp, and more. I would have to agree with the basis of all three of these programs. I think that there are many offenders that would fare well in these types of sentences. However, these are more for the lower risk type offenders that have shown good conduct and that may have a chance in becoming a functioning part of society. There are many other higher risk offenders that do not deserve the option of these sanctions. It is better for the safety of the public that these sentences are highly monitored and that the offenders are ready to be placed back in society.

Project Management Strategic Issues Assignment

Project Management Strategic Issues - Assignment Example The design of the building was given by  Enric  Miralles  and the construction of the building started in June 1999. The project was a constant target of disagreement and condemnation for the choice of the site, complex design and costs incurred. The final completion date of the building was in 2004, which was almost three years behind the original schedule and the project overran the cost of ?40m to ?414m which was many folds higher than the allocated budget. The major reason for the cost overrun as explained in the public enquiry by Peter Fraser in 2003 were the inefficient methods in which most important design changes were executed by the  Holyrood  project team. The paper undertakes a detailed study of the Scottish Parliament project, the reasons of the failure of the project, the course of direction as the project advanced to its final stage and the  recommendations  that could have saved the failure of the project followed by conclusion. ... The Management appeared to be unable to give a clear perception of the Quality v/s Cost aspect of the Project, which led to complications later on.  The initial cost estimate of the New Project at  Holyrood  was  GBP  40  Miilion, subsequently revised to  GBP  50 Million. However this was never believed to have any sanctity. The Acting Minister of Scotland, Mr. Donald Dewar desired the project to be completed as early as possible. The process of selecting the Construction Management was done without adequate regard for the risk factors. Quality was the over-riding priority in the scheme of things, rather than cost and timely execution. It was much later when the delay became a very visible issue that stress was laid on completing it early. Even at that stage no rescheduling of the work to reflect the acceleration of pace was done. The cost escalated unreasonably because of the numerous design additions and alterations demanded by the client. Fig 2: Escalated Costs sin ce Sep 2000 2.2 Lack of Budget Clarity The Project was managed through Construction by Contracting.  The utilization of this type  of project management methodology permits the initiation of the on-site construction before the finalization of the complete project design. This strategy helps to reduce the time. However, in the case of the  Holyrood  project, no main contractor was hired  initially  and the client hired as many as 60 small time individual contractors whose services were taken up at different times. These individual contractors were to work under a construction management  firm  and the client remained the employer at all times. However, this  method turned

The Masters Prepared Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Masters Prepared Nurse - Essay Example "The Hospital That Could Cure Health Care" in the December 2009 Newsweek talks about the Cleveland Clinic. This is a the hospital that President Obama visited in July to determine what efficient healthcare was like. The Cleveland Clinic has such things as a miniature robot that repairs a heart valve through an inch long incision, a computer system that allows doctors to read patients charts and write orders from anywhere in the world and interactive supply closets. When a nurse removes something from a supply shelf, the supply is registered and a self guided robot cart brings replacements from the warehouse. They are an upscale hospital who built their efficiency after the Toyota factory and the Japanese inspired lean thinking model (Adler & Interlandi, 2009) The CEO here is unusual and forward thinking. He has already banned the hiring of smokers and does urine tests on employees for nicotine. He presently wants a policy to ban hiring people who are obese but the law will not yet allow him to do that. Things like potato chips have been banned from the hospital vending machines. However, Cleveland Clinic has produced the most cost efficient care in the United States in the last two years.

New Media College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New Media College - Essay Example As the discussion stresses one major way in which everyone has been affected by the wave of new media is that, now the media does not present information and entertainment to us but with us. People are not passive audience of the media but actively participate in all the media related activities, as new media is highly interactive in nature. The audience decides what it wants to see or listen. Media is no longer controlled by companies but by its audiences. According to the paper findings people do not just read content but make content too. It has become so interactive that people are using the older media to connect to the revolution brought in by the newer media. One’s voice on the web can be put up with ease. Just get it recorded and it’s on the web passing your message to the people you wanted to interact about every possible issue. One to many communication is becoming a thing of past. One–on-one communication is the trend that is building up so in future the role of journalists will be limited. This threat has resulted in many improvisations in the way the journalist’s present information. In an attempt to sustain the competition from new media, they have become very interactive. They no more look as media people, but people among us catering to our requirements of infotainment. The blog trend is catching up. In the coming 10 years we will turn to blogs for news in virtually every field of interest. Wh ether it is business, politics, or other social issues, the blog is going to become credible first-hand vehicle of information. Similar to the blog small content management system, self-publishing, systems integrating audio and video publishing etc. would be the source of information in the next decade. The computer is becoming an integral part of all activities in virtually every thinkable area of our growth process. To improve corporate collaborations, the business leaders are turning to wikis and blogs. These two have the potential to make emails a part of the traditional media. In fact emails have been started being treated as snail mails. It has been observed in the journal 'Information Age' (2006, p. 27) that " wikisare easier to manage than hundred of emails. The theory is - much like open source software development -

Health Insurance - Obama Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Insurance - Obama Care - Essay Example The law was meant to eliminate the current pre-existing health conditions in the state, stop the insurance companies from getting rid of the customers when they fall sick, protect any form of gender discrimination that exists in the healthcare industry and expand on the existing preventive services and health benefits available (Noonan). Furthermore, the law stipulates that big organizations insure all their employees, create a subsidised insurance in order to lower the cost of insurance and consequently reduce the cost of healthcare spending and the discrepancy. As much as the idea was taken well by many, this was not the case with everyone. This is especially so with the religious community, which believed that the law raised many controversies in terms of the morals and ethics of the religious groups. This was in relation to the laws of the birth control mandate. The ObamaCare plan requires that all for-profit employer’s health plan to provide insurance for up to twenty contraception methods. Among the twenty contraception methods, five of them in the eyes of the religious community was viewed as a form of abortion or sterilization. The basis the religious leaders used in their defence was the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, which was passed in 1993 (Tate, 106). The statute merely stipulated that if the government at any point interferes in any way with the free exercise of religion, it must narrowly alter its regulations to serve a persuasive concern and inflict the least â€Å"oppressive† option. Most religions are against the idea of the use of contraceptives, especially in an instance when the mod e of contraception seems to be a form of taking away life. This, therefore, necessitated the need for the law to be adjusted such that it suits the needs of everyone in the community.   Consequently, the Health and Human Services was forced to make an exemption for churches from the mandate, which implied that religious non-profits were allowed to apply for quasi-exemption from the rule.

Altruism in Society Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Altruism in Society Campaign - Essay Example Man has become selfish along with the developments in the society. Putting first the interest of others above your own ("Altruism," para 1) is an ethical system August Compte, a French philosopher, had proposed ("What is Altruism," para 2). When the society acknowledges the importance of altruism, they will be motivated to develop cooperation rather than conflict. Harmony among nations will be attained and peace will be a reality ("What is Altruism," para 3) In a social campaign against homelessness, one can become an altruist who can be happy when we see others live in a place they can call their home. We are well aware that most of our homeless neighbors are those who were brought up in an environment where people are non-educated - who had given up on their dreams. Their achievement has been to create a boundary within themselves limiting their abilities and skills to achieve more than what they have. Most of the homeless people in the society have created a border between what they thought they can achieve and what they thought they cannot. They have neglected the value of faith and hard work as an instrument towards success. Adapting a homeless family in my own home would be an appropriate strategy for this campaign. This single family can set forth a change among other homeless families after allowing them to live in my house. By welcoming a homeless family in my home may create an impressi

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 44

Leadership - Essay Example Innovation is the hallmark for success in today’s dynamic world and therefore, healthcare professional must exhibit innovative ways and means to develop better ways of patient care in modern times. Innovative ideas of patient care leads to faster patient recovery enabling early discharge resulting into a significant savings to patient, insurance provider and nation (Reflections on Nursing Leadership, 2013). With the Affordable Care Act of 2010 in force, nurses will also be taking on leadership roles in healthcare services (Reflections on Nursing Leadership, 2013). In the current world, timely and clear communication with colleagues, superiors, patients, and their family members is utmost necessary to enhance the patient outcomes. Effective and clear communication is one of the most essential requirements for any healthcare professional in the success of organization. Collaborative approach through team work can bring miraculous results. In this process, mutual cooperation is must among all team members because tasks can be accomplished smoothly and successfully through exchange of ideas and collaborative attitude among team members (Gokenbach,

Disaster preparedness (case) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disaster preparedness (case) - Essay Example One of the best strengths was that they were prepared and had a strategy already in force in case of a volcanic eruption. The strategy allowed the eruption area to be classified into zones. The zones helped keep people out of the more dangerous areas. The volcano was constantly monitored so that if there were an indication of an eruption, those in the area could be warned. This is the type of preparedness that is necessary to prevent more than necessary losses. A weakness in the Mount Pinatubo eruption is the way that the people near the volcano were evacuated. The evacuation is controlled by the local authorities. This is not enough. More structured evacuation techniques should have been in place to aid those living near the volcano, a way out. Not everyone may have accessibility to find out that there is a warning. A better effort could have been taken to inform those of the eruption. The Philippine governments never even issued a warning until after the eruption even though they had prepared efforts in place. The people in the village were able move to temporary housing until the evacuation was complete. The temporary housing was like bunkers. This allowed the people of the village to relocate to a safe location. The people that were relocated were also able to find temporary work. This temporary work helped with common living expenses. Plans like this that allowed for temporary housing and work were a great strength to response efforts. Although not all of the efforts were strengths, it was important to do the best and remain calm in a panic situation. Natural disasters like the eruption allowed for future response efforts to be bettered because there was much to learn from the mistakes. Question 2 - Perry et al (2005) describe three critical social management techniques for responding to volcanic disasters. Describe how you would apply these techniques to preparedness and response efforts involving a volcanic disaster such as the eruption of

Saving-investment Behaviour in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Saving-investment Behaviour in Pakistan Essay Saving and investment are two key macro variables with micro foundations which can play a significant role in economic growth, inflation stability and promotion of employment especially if seen in the context of a developing country. For self-reliance and growth objectives, mobilization of domestic resources and their efficient utilization are the two major policy-oriented focuses today (Khan 1993). National savings are critically important to help maintain a higher level of investment which is a key determinant for economic uplift. Thereby, necessitating the analysis of saving-investment behavior and its determinants for policy implications; this is a demanding area because of continuing debate on the potential role of their determinants. In the United States, the total investment rate rose throughout the 1990s, reflecting mostly a rapid acceleration in the purchase of machinery and equipment by the business sector, notably in real terms. In contrast, the national saving rate remained flat during the 1990s, masking significant offsetting changes in the public and private sector components. As a result, the US current account deficit widened to 4.5 percent of GDP in 2000, before narrowing somewhat in the downturn. In Japan, although both national saving and investment rates trended down during the 1990s, their levels are still well above the OECD average. Such high levels are not easy to justify, especially in the case of the investment considering the weak output growth performance. In the case of saving also, it is not clear that the substantial demographic transition ahead, together with other factors, can fully account for the high saving rate. Parallel declines in saving and investment have left the Japanese current account surplus in a range of 2 to 2.5 percent of GDP. (www.oecd.org/dataoecd/2/40/2726831.pdf). According to this website, there are factors driving developments in investment and saving. The rise in total investment in most countries during the 1990s was largely concentrated in the business sector, where spending on capital goods accelerated sharply, especially in volume terms. In fact, after moving more or less in line with real output throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, real business investment pulled away in the following years in some Countries. The other factor is development in saving rate. After being on a trend decline throughout the 1970s and 1980s, gross national saving rates have stabilized or risen in a large number of OECD countries since the early 1990s. Notable exceptions to this pattern are Germany, where the national saving rate continued to decline until 1995 and has remained flat since then, and Japan, where it has trended down throughout the past decade, although it remains higher than elsewhere. Developments in public-sector saving have been the dominant influence on the direction of changes in national saving in the 1990s. In most countries, both actual and cyclically-adjusted budget deficits have either turned into comfortable surpluses or at least moved in a direction that has contributed to an increase in total national saving. At the same time, the rebound in the government saving rate in the second half of the 1990s has been accompanied by a substantial decline in private-sector saving, in a few cases completely offsetting the rise in public saving. Africa achieved relatively high growth rates in the first decade of the twenty-first century, culminating in a continent-wide average growth rate of 6.1 percent in 2007. Although rates varied across the continent, this relatively fast growth was generally shared, with several countries experiencing growth rates that exceeded their population growth rates, thus leading to increases in per capita income. This rapid growth was generally due to increased investment financed by high commodity prices, resource extraction, foreign direct investment (FDI) and inflows of other foreign resources, as well as macroeconomic stability and better economic management.( Economic Report on Africa 2010 ) According to this report, although, there is scant evidence that inflation reduction in many African countries achievements was accompanied by increased investment, economic growth and diversification, and robust employment creation in these countries. Investment increment contributed to the significant decline in inflation rates in many countries. In Ethiopia, Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been increasing during the last ten years. Out of the total investment projects licensed during 1992-2002, FDI’s share was about 20%. Ethiopia remains an untapped and unexploited market for investors compared to neighboring countries like Sudan and Uganda. France, Germany, Italy, the Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and the United States are the major sources of FDI. Out of the total 392 FDI projects licensed by 2003, 12.7% were in agriculture and mining, 46.57% in manufacturing and processing, and 40.7% in trade, hotels, and tourism. (An investment guide to Ethiopia opportunities and conditions, 2004) According to this investment guide, there is untapped and unexploited Area of investment opportunity. Basically, these opportunities are available in Agriculture and related activities, Health services, Mining, Hydro power, Tourism and Manufacturing for both domestic and abroad investors. Particularly Ethiopian investors also can invest in the financial sector in the country. To support and appreciate investment practice in Ethiopia there is Technical and financial support. The Ethiopian Investment Commission, the Ministry of Trade, the Development Bank of Ethiopia and other government institutions provide financial and technical support for research projects, provide market information, and monitor production and export statistics for the industry. The Ethiopian Manufacturing Industries Association and the Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce provide the relevant trade and technical information. The Government also encourages floriculture by allocating land and providing infrastructure. (An investment guide to Ethiopia opportunities and conditions, 2004)

Education Policy In Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Education Policy In Bangladesh Essay Introduction â€Å"Insurance is a way of protecting against these financial losses†. â€Å"General insurance or non-life insurance policies, including automobile and homeowners Policies provide payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event†. Anyone who owns an asset can buy insurance to protect it against losses due to fire or theft And so on. Each one of us can insure our and our dependents’ health and well being through hospitalization and personal accident policies. In this report we tried to show that how general insurance business operates in Bangladesh how important it is for economy what types of problem it faces in our country. Objective of the Study Primary objective The main objective of the study is to know how the insurance business works in our country. Secondary objective: The case study has the following objectives: To know about the insurance company (Based on three insurance companies.) To know about general insurance its classification. Company Overview Green Delta Insurance Company Limited (GDIC) is one of the leading private non life insurance companies in Bangladesh. GDIC was incorporated in December 14, 1985 as a public limited company, under the Companies Act 1913.  Actual operations started on 1st January 1986, with a paid up capital of BDT 30.00 million. Now, Green Delta Insurance Company Ltd. is amassed about BDT 637.875 million with a credit rating of AA1 and ST1. GDIC holds the proud distinction of being the first ever company to raise its paid up capital to such a level. This is also the 1st Insurance Company in Bangladesh to have equity partnership with IFC. With a presence in the strategically important parts of the country, which includes 38 branches, Green Delta Insurance Company Ltd. has established its prominent presence with equity participation in Delta Brace Housing Ltd., Progressive Life Insurance Co Ltd, United Hospital Ltd. Fin Excel Ltd. and BD Venture Ltd. Green Delta Capital Ltd. and Green Delta Securitie s Ltd. are two of the direct subsidiaries. GDIC provides stock brokerage services through Green Delta Securities Ltd. (GDSL) and investment supports through Green Delta Capital Ltd. (GDCL). As a part of the recognition for the contribution in the development of the insurance industry and for maintaining the standard of service, the company has been considered as one of the top 500 companies according to the renowned Rating Agency, Dun Bradstreet Rate Agency of Bangladesh. The company has also been awarded with many national and international awards like –‘’ICAB National Awards’’ for Best Published Accounts, ICMAB Best Corporate Award in Insurance category, ‘‘Certificate of Merit’’ for the Best Presented Accounts Award in the category ‘Insurance Sector’ by the South Asian Federation of Accounts (SAFA), ‘‘International Quality Crown Award’’ by BID International in London, The BIZZ Award by World Business confederation of Business, USA for leadership, Excellence in a management, Quality and Marketing, ‘‘The Diamond Eye Award For Quality Excellence’’ by BID OTHERWAYS, The Platinum Technology Award for Quality Best trade name by Association Other Ways in Berlin, International Star Award for Leadership in quality in the Gold, Platinum and Diamond categories and many more. With the slogan â€Å"Marches with time† during the last 28 years GDIC has been helping people in their time of need; pulling out all the steps when needed, and has been proud to be a partner in progress. Our Vision Our vision is to mature into a sustainable, coherent organization, raise competitiveness to the highest level in the insurance industry, maintain  high profitability balanced quantitative growth and exceed customer’s expectations by offering legendary services, embrace a new corporate identity and creative corporate culture. Our Mission Our mission is to create shareholders value through customer’s satisfaction and employee’s commitment to excellence. Our Strength Constant pursuit of suitable strategies has made the company the leading insurer of Bangladesh for over two decades. Our Belief We believe that client must stand at the center of our all activities. We have the ability to optimally fulfill the client’s needs based on risk management with minimum cost and personalized services Finding: Products Services Corporate Risk Management Industrial All Risk Insurance including Machinery Insurance and Business Interruption Property All Risk Insurance including Business Interruption Electronic Equipments and Computer Insurance Professional Indemnity Insurance Comprehensive Machinery Insurance Comprehensive General Liability (CGL) Product Public Liability Insurance Directors and Officers Liability (DO) Fire and Allied Perils Insurance Marine Cargo and Hull Insurance Financial Cash-in-safe, Cash-in-transit Cash-on-counter Insurance Portfolio Cover Credit Card Indemnity Insurance Bankers Blanket Insurance Bank Lockers Insurance A.T.M. Booth Insurance Banc assurance Retail SME Fire and Allied Peril Insurance Marine Cargo and Hull Insurance Personal Accident Health Insurance Overseas Mediclaim Insurance Micro Insurance Micro Health Insurance Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Household Insurance Motor Insurance Peoples Personal Accident Policy Comprehensive Travel Insurance Conventional Aviation Insurance Automobile Insurance Workmen Compensation Insurance Miscellaneous Insurance Engineering Insurance (Erection all Risk, Contractors all Risk, Deterioration of Stock Boiler Pressure Vessel Insurance, business intemiption Crop Insurance Nlbedlta-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Weather Index Based Insurance Investment Portfolio Management Underwriting Pre-IPO placement Syndication Trusteeship Green Delta Insurance is known for its innovation and services. Today ´s competitive insurance market is driving the market to think and Winovate now products and services and GDIC have been doing with its authentic. Beside the Traditional insurance portfolio GDIC introduced following personal line of products in last year and some them are in pipeline: Health Insurance Household Insurance Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Cellular Phone Contingency Insurance Weather Index Based Insurance Personal Accident Insurance Policy for Migrant workers It is matter of great pride that GDIC has introduced an insurance product first time ever in Bangladesh which is designed only for the females named as Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women. GDIC has also designed first ever Weather Index Based Insurance for the farmers of Bangladesh which will be launched shortly. In Briefly Fire Insurance Basic cover: Fire Lightning Explosion(domestic) Damage during or immediately following Fire caused by – smoke, scorching, Falling walls, water used for extinguishing Fire, blowing up building for preventing Spread of fire. This coverage can be extended to include other perils by the additional premium; Riot, Strike Terrorism Storm, Flood Subsidence Landslide Aircraft damage Bursting or overflowing of tanks. Health Insurance The health policy provides for reimbursement of hospitalization/domiciliary hospitalization expenses for illness/disease suffered or accidental injury sustained during the policy period. Under this scheme the expenses for treatment in a hospital for an illness or injury are insured. It does not cover for any expenses in respect of domiciliary or outdoor treatment. Covers: Hospitalization due to accident or illness. Ancillary services like ICU/CCU room, post-operative room, blood transfusion, special investigations, etc. Labor room services. Intensive care facility. Oxygen therapy. Skilled nursing services. Blood transfusions. Ambulance services. Dressing while in confinement and test other than the routine investigations. Marine Insurance The oldest branch of insurance. Comprises: a. Cargo Insurance. b. Hull Insurance. Lloyd ´s is the famous world ´s Marine insurance market. Marine Insurance Act 1906. HULL INSURANCE Concerns the insurance of ships. Hull, machinery etc. CARGO INSURANCE Plays an important role in domestic trade as well as international trade. Provides insurance cover in respect of loss of or damage to goods during transit by –rail, -road -sea -air Burglary Insurance Scope of Cover Lost by burglary Housebreaking following upon an actual forcible and violent entry into or exit from the premises by the person or persons. Then the company will pay to the extent of such loss to the extent of the intrinsic value of the descriptive value of the insured. Exclusions: Theft by persons lawfully on the premises. Any legal liability, Loss or damage during the progress of or following upon fire or explosion. Earthquake, war, Riot, Civil war, Invasion etc. Uncover able property: Deeds, bonds, stamp collections, bank or currency. Theft by persons lawfully on the premises. Any legal liability, Loss or damage during the progress of or following upon fire or explosion. Earthquake, war, Riot, Civil war, Invasion etc Company overview Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. established mainly through the initiative of a group of Bangladeshi professionals then working abroad along with a few enthusiastic local entrepreneurs, started its operation in December, 1986 after the Government of Bangladesh allowed the private sector to operate in the insurance sector in 1984 to carry on the business of insurance in the Private Sector. A brief explanation as to the growth of life insurance business in Bangladesh is in order here. Bangladesh declared independence from the Pakistani rules on March 26, 1971 following which she had to witness a bloody liberation struggle with the occupation forces lasting for 9 months before they were defeated. Insurance business which was exclusively carried on in private sector before independence was nationalized after liberation in 1972 primarily to address the emerging situation of eroding public confidence in the industry that was left staggeringly short of resources in the face of huge losses caus ed by the war of liberation. After a series of experimentation, a state-owned body, namely Jiban Bima Corporation (JBC), established in May, 1973 for transacting the life insurance business, took over the assets and liabilities under life portfolios of all erstwhile private insurance companies and started business in its own name. Since inception, Delta Life set before itself a high  standard of all round performance coextensive with professional soundness and proficiency. It soon made a mark in the life insurance arena by not only being the leader among the private sector indigenous companies, but by undertaking and successfully implementing innovative and welfare oriented life insurance schemes. It introduced an array of conventional life and group insurance products many of which were the first in Bangladesh. For the first time, health insurance products were also introduced by Delta Life. But more importantly, in fulfillment of the avowed commitment towards social development, Delta Life for the first time not only in Bangladesh but probably in the World, devised and introduced micro-life insurance-cum-savings products specially suited to the needs and pockets of poor people of the country who constitute more than 80% of the people of Bangladesh. Two projects of the company namely Grameen Bima for the rural people and Gono Bima for the poor and marginal savers of the urban areas were initiated to devote them slave exclusively to marketing and management of these innovative products. We are happy to report that we have achieved a good measure of success although there is a long way to go. These schemes that we have introduced have created great stir and enthusiasm among th e general mass who, before these projects started functioning, could not even dream of owning a policy that provides the much needed life insurance coverage along with facility of regular savings on a long-term basis. At a later stage i.e. in the year 2002, the projects were merged into a division of Delta Life, namely, Gono Grameen Bima Division. The GNGRB Division has been growing at a first rate of more than 25% p.a. for the last couple of the years and is poised to maintain this growth rate at least in the next five years or so. Delta Life can take pride in moulding the saving habits of the lower and middle class people and transforming them into prospective policyholders. The potential is now so strongly perceived that all life insurance companies old and new alike operating in the country have started their own micro insurance products. Finding Ordinary Life Insurance Delta Life offers a wide variety of ordinary life product/plans ranging from the most common endowment type to more modern and sophisticated plans like endowment with open term, pension plan with built in provision for  increasing pension, increasing protection with provision for premium refund etc. The plans have been designed keeping in view the diverse and multifaceted needs of the insuring public belonging to different strata of the society. Some of the popular plans are briefly described below. Group Life Insurance Group Insurance is an instrument for providing life insurance coverage (protection) to a number of individuals under a single contract (policy) who are associated together for a common interest other than insurance. It is the most cost effective means to provide immediate financial support to an insured member and/or his family in case of devastating events like-death, disability, disease as well as retirement. Group Insurance has already established its importance as a component of Employee Benefit Package in Bangladesh. Exclusive features of Group Insurance are: Insurance coverage to a number of individuals under a single contract. Simple insurable conditions Easy administrative procedure Prompt claim settlement Affordable premium Tax exemption on premium Delta Life offers a host of Group-Life Insurance schemes from which an organization/ employer may choose for benefits of its members/employees, as may best serve their interest according to organizational setup. To be treated as a group, the following criteria need to be fulfilled. A Group Should comprise of at least 15 members It should be a legitimately organized body Group clients of Delta Life Insurance Company Limited include: Semi-Government organization, autonomous bodies Private, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) Educational Financial Institutions Public Limited Companies Associations, Business organizations etc. Group Life Insurance Schemes offered by Delta Life are of two types: Traditional Schemes: For insurance coverage of members/employees of a Group Exclusive Schemes: For insurance coverage of clients of Financial Institutions Traditional Scheme: These are the commonly offered Group-Life Insurance schemes and are also known as Basic Schemes: These are: Short Term Contract Group Term Life Insurance Scheme (GT) Group Term Life with Premium Refund Scheme (GTR) Long Term Contract Group Endowment Life Insurance Scheme (GEN) Group Pension Scheme (GP) There are several variants of Basic Schemes. Examples of two variants of GTR are GTR-100/10: Group Term Life with 100% Premium Refund after 10 years GTR-50/10 : Group Term Life with 50% Premium Refund after 10 year Health Insurance Health Insurance is now considered indispensable in developed countries. In the present financial-social perspective of Bangladesh as well, Health Insurance has now become an essential, dependable, acceptable and the most cost effective means to make the modern treatment facilities affordable to all socio-economic classes of people, especially the fixed income group. As a pioneer of Health Insurance in Bangladesh, Delta Life Insurance Company offers several Health Insurance Schemes, which are as follows: Hospitalization (In-patient) treatment coverage plans Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Group)- offered to Members of a group and their dependants (if desired) Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Individual) – offered to an Individual as well as his or her dependant family members also known as Delta Care Hospitalization Plan. Out-patient treatment coverage plans Out-patient Insurance Plan Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization Out-patient Management Plan Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization Overseas treatment coverage plan for travelers Overseas Medicliam Policy (OMP) – A pre-requisite for visa application offered only to Individuals traveling abroad. Hospitalization Insurance Plans Covers in-patient (Hospitalization) treatment expenses of an insured member Expenses Covered under Hospitalization Insurance Plans Hospital Accommodation Consultation Fee Medicine Accessories Medical Investigations Surgical Operation Ancillary Services like Blood Transfusion, Ambulance Service, Dressing etc. General Features of the Scheme No need for preliminary Medical Examination during enrolment. Treatment coverage round the clock inclusive of Accidents and Emergencies. Coverage offered to Bangladeshi National as well as resident foreigner. Treatment at any renowned hospital or clinic by consultant of own choice. Preferential service at Designated Hospital. Direct payment of treatment expenses by the company at Designated Hospital. Reimbursement of expenses for treatment at non-designated hospital. Membership ID card for each insured to facilitate preferential services. Option for Maternity Benefit and Overseas Treatment coverage. Provision for inclusion of Spouse Children under the plan. Provision for inclusion of new member under the plan. Coverage up to 65 years under Group HI 60 years under Individual HI plan. Two types of plans with several benefit grades to choose from. Option to choose more than one grade according to status of the members of a group. Option to alter benefit grade during renewal. Gono Grameen Bima Delta Life first launched Micro-insurance product in 1988 through its Grameen Bima Project (GRB) to cater to the necessity of economic protection against premature death and of disability as well as providing a way for regular savings for the poor and low income group of people living in villages. Later it started another project in 1994, namely, Gono Bima (GNB) for the urban poor and the low income class. These projects are now merged under the  name of Gono-Grameen Bima Project (GN-GRB). The initial problems apart, the project started to yield impressive results right from the beginning by creating great interest among the target population who could not even perceive an institutional arrangement through which the ever present problems of insecurity of life could be addressed. To suit the needs and pockets of the target people, and for efficient management of these portfolios, some of the age-old traditional concepts of carrying on life insurance business had to be diluted and in some cases replaced by simple and straightforward practices. Yet, the results are so encouraging that Delta Life is now regarded far and wide as the undisputed leader espousing the cause of welfare of teeming millions and its experiences are now used to advantage not only by indigenous companies but also other micro-savings organizations abroad. Target Group and the Product In GN-GRB the formalities are minimum. Insurance Cover is given under Group Insurance concept. A person interested in a policy submits a simple two-page proposal form; it is signed or thumb imprinted by him or her. There is no need for medical check-up. The person needs to be between 18 and 45 years of age, have a monthly income of Tk. 5,000.00 (US $100.00) or less, be of good health and supply a Declaration of Good Health (DGH) at the time of submitting the Proposal form. Death through pregnancy complications within the first year of the policy and death through suicide in the first year of the policy are not covered under an exclusion clause. Simple endowment with profit policies are offered for 10 and 15 years term both with premium payment mode being weekly or monthly. Premium rate is the same irrespective of age at entry. Besides this plan, new plans like three-payment plan with 12 and 15 years term and double protection endowment plan have recently been introduced. Policy Documents Upon acceptance of the proposal, a pass book is issued to the policyholder detailing all terms and conditions of the policy. The pass book serves as the purpose of recording of all payments made by him towards the policy. There is one group policy document for the policyholders of each Thana or Block. For individual policyholders the passbook serves as policy document. Micro Investment (Loan) GN-GRB gives small project loans to its policyholders on a group liability basis. No collateral is required. There is 20% service charge on the loans, which is calculated at a flat rate and added to the principal amount. The loan, together with the service charge, is repayable in 12 equal monthly installments. The repayments are collected from door to door by the organizers. Recently a decision has been taken to establish small collection booths in the villages. A person must be a policyholder and pay premiums for at least one year before being eligible for a loan. The maximum loan given is Tk. 5,000.00 (US $100.00) per policyholder. The loans are for income generating activities (IGA) only. Policyholders form a committee of 5 to 7 members. 3 policyholders selected by the committee are given the first loan. After recovery of 3 installments from each of the first three borrowers, the next 3 are given their loans and so on. As a general rule, 60% of the premium income of an area and 40 % of the repaid loan of an area are available for loan in that area. Also 100% of premium collection of a committee is available for loan to that committee. Company overview Crystal Insurance Company Limited is one of the leading general insurance (Non Life) company in private sector in Bangladesh. The company transacts a wide range of General Insurance business in Bangladesh and expertise in the field with sound and stable financial position. Our Mission To provide prompt, efficient and professionalized services for maximum risk coverage of the insured. To provide insurance coverage at the most competitive premium rate ensuring maximum security. To promote Human Resource development and professionalism in insurance business. To settle insurance claim promptly. CICL believes in the quality of the deals struck rather than the quantity of it. With our knowledge and expertise it is our commitment to the insuring community to deliver them the highest standard of security and professionalism. Finding Fire Insurance Fire Insurance Policy (including R SD, Flood, Cyclone Earthquake coverage) Industrial All Risks (IAR) Engineering Insurance Machinery Insurance {Machinery Breakdown Policy (MBD)} Deterioration of Stock (DOS) Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Electronic Equipment Insurance (EEI) Erection All Risk Policy (EAR) Contractor’s All Risk Policy (CAR) Motor Insurance Motor Insurance for Commercial Vehicle Motor Insurance for Private Vehicle Motor Insurance for Motor Cycle/Scooter Marine Cargo Insurance Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Steamer or Power Vessel Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Rail/Lorry/Truck Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Inland Rail or Road Conveyance Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Inland Cargoes (water borne) Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Air Cargo Miscellaneous Burglary House Breaking Insurance Cash-in-Safe Cash-in-Transit Cash-in-Premises Cash-in-counter People personal Accident Workmen’s Compensation Policy Business Interruption Overseas Med claim and Holiday Insurance Public Liability Policy Product Liability Policy Consequential Loss Householders Comprehensive Policy

Relationship Between Adult Education And Democracy Education Essay

Relationship Between Adult Education And Democracy Education Essay Throughout history, adult education has played a role in many significant social, cultural, and political movements. With regard to this role, one of the most prominent theorists within the field, Malcolm Knowles (as cited in Merriam and Brockett, 2007) suggests that that ideals and methodologies often associated with adult education have tended to become more prominent in response to specific needs (p. 9). Similarly, democratic ideals have often emerged when the needs of individuals have met in some manner. Both adult education and democracy have traditionally focused on supporting the growth, freedom, and development of the individual as well as the larger community and society. This author would argue that the individual, social, and organizational philosophical concepts associated with adult education are directly related to and have played a significant role in the growth and development of democratic principles over time. Before one may effectively examine the significance of the relationship between adult education and democracy, it is important to have a clear understanding of the components of each individual concept. Democracy is a concept that emphasizes the rights, freedoms, and ultimate power of the individual. Democratic ideals, principles, and practices sustain and protect these rights and freedoms. As Ellis (1993) attempts to argue the importance of education and the participation of informed citizens within the democratic process, he contends that the true purpose of the democracy is to improve the lives of citizens as opposed to it being simply a demonstration of power and authority of those in high positions. Chickering (2008) takes a somewhat critical approach to viewing current aspects of the democratic society, and argues that in order for the fundamental principles of democracy to be effective, systematic changes and a greater emphasis on personal and community development should occu r. He suggests that these changes will encourage and allow all individuals to able to play a more role in the democratic process. It is important to note that although democratic ideals have existed for centuries and are considered the preferred form of government by many, a number of democratically related concepts are not universally valued. In some cultures, they actually serve a source of conflict for many individuals and groups for a variety of reasons. Democracy lends heavily on the idea that individuals are capable of creating and maintaining an effective government through informed decision-making and continued participation in the process. Ellis (1993) argues that On the whole people are only able to participate effectively when they have acquired through education the knowledge, skills and attitudes that are essential for active and meaningful participation (Education for Participation, para. 3). Many adult education theorists contend that adult education is one of the most effective means of developing informed and active participants within a democracy. John Dewey was one of the most prominent figures associated with the progressive movement in education and his ideas influenced a number of recognized figures within the field of adult education. Darkenwald and Merriam (1982) suggest that Dewey believed that democracy was essentially a collective form of existence that was dependent on education to sustain growth and developme nt. Adult education is grounded in the idea that one should never stop learning and emphasizes practices and methods of educating individuals who are considered adults. Much of the fields focus revolves around improving outcomes for both individuals and the larger community. Although somewhat broad in nature, the primary purpose of adult education is the foster change. From a historical perspective, adult education has been prominent for centuries. From the methods used by Socrates to the current use of social networking to aid in the spread of democratic ideas, adult education has significantly influenced society and culture. Grattan (1955) noted that adult education focuses on individuals in the business of life (p. 7). This argument is central to associating adult education with democracy because adults often have the power, means, and ability to create and maintain significant change within their own lives and the lives of others. Adult education focuses its attention on those in thi s position of power and democracy depends on their consistent and meaningful participation. The connection between adult education and democracy exists within the shared goals of each concept. According to Proulx (1993) Adult education is a process through which groups and individuals become able to play a significant role in protecting their rights and building a society which reflects their reality (Introduction, para. 5). Adult education has been used to build upon and support the individual and collective freedoms at the core of a democracy. Through education, citizens may become more aware of fundamental governmental processes, unfair practices, and the importance of participation. Adult education may also encourage citizens to take advantage of opportunities that have the potential to improve their financial, emotional, and social outcomes. Throughout adult education literature, authors and theorists consistently contend that, in addition to addressing individual outcomes, adult education also affects larger communities and the culture as a whole. With regard to democ racy, this author would argue that without the principles of adult education to engage and maintain an informed citizenry, democratic ideals would be more difficult to sustain and authoritarian controlled governments would have a greater prominence in our society. As previously stated, an important theme within the field of adult education is the consistent focus on the growth and development of the individual, community, and ultimately society. Many of the philosophies associated with adult education revolve around these components. Merriam and Brockett (2007) suggest that understanding the philosophies associated with adult education will help individuals to more effectively grasp the innate values and true nature of the field. Although many aspects of the various philosophies encompassed under the umbrella of adult education differ, there are a number of similarities. Each philosophy emphasizes the importance of learning and active participation the learning process. The prominent philosophies also recognize that education is a powerful tool for change. However, the proposed outcomes and the believed impact resulting from these changes sometimes differ between the philosophies. Some focus primarily on the individual while others focus on or ganizational and/or societal outcomes. This author would argue that democracys relationship to adult education is significant and unavoidable regardless of philosophically touted outcome. Early adult educators, prominent philosophers, and the architects of democracy in both the United States and around the world ascribed to the adult education philosophy of liberal education. Much of the adult educations early history is rooted within philosophical perspective. According to Merriam and Brockett (2007), those approaching adult education from the liberal perspective contend that the goal of education should be to support the creation of informed, cultured, and moral citizens (p. 33). By becoming knowledgeable about a variety of subjects, the individual citizen is believed to become more well rounded, able to address issues, and solve problems more effectively. Democracy requires the individuals with a strong knowledge base and problem-solving ability to remain fluid and effectively adapt over time. As previously stated, the architects of democracy from both a theoretical and more a practical standpoint supported the principles of adult education and designed democracies to revolve around educated and informed citizens who could effectively address the issues of the day. Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin exhibited many of the previously noted characteristics as they supported the growth of democracy within the United States. Franklins success and development may be attributed to liberal adult education and is a prime example of the potential positive impact that democratic rights and freedoms can have on society through the individual. He was an inventor, politician, world traveler, and adult education pioneer with the development of his Junto group. When discussing Franklins support for education during a comprehensive review of his political theory Rossiter (1952) states, Franklins faith in education had a dozen outlets. The American Philosophical Society, The Library Com pany, the University of Pennsylvania, and the Franklin Funds of Boston and Philadelphia are present-day reminders of his high regard for formal and informal education of all classes, ages, and conditions of men (p. 269). The support and participation in liberal adult education by Franklin and others during the formation in the United States played a major role in the success and development of democracy in this country. Another prominent philosophical perspective within the field of adult education emphasizes personal and social improvement. Within this perspective, the focus is on the individual and his or her social circles and/or community. Eduard Lindeman was an adult educator, social worker, and author who often discussed the expounded upon the relationship between adult education and democracy in terms of an informed citizenry and active participation in the democratic process. Without responsible participation, democracy cannot exist nor endure. And responsible participation implies that the citizen is informed (Lindeman, 1956, p. 154). Lindemans ideas suggest a clear connection between adult education and democracy and suggest that democracy necessitates that individuals be knowledgeable in order to for the individual and society to be successful. Adult educators work to meet the needs outlined by democratic principles on a regular basis. Titus (2010) describes specific methods associated wi th adult education that are believed to be effective in terms of educating citizens about democracy and the political process. He suggests that observational and experiential learning may be particularly effective because they allow the individual to become directly involved a process that is sometimes complex. These methods also emphasize both the personal and social aspects of adult education. Individual self-actualization is another philosophy associated with adult education. This perspective specifically focuses on the individuals development and growth into his or her best possible self. Knowles is a key figure within the individual self-actualization perspective. According to Darkenwald and Merriam (1982), Knowles emphasized the liberation of the individual and believed that societys primary purpose was to serve as a vehicle for providing a full range of choices to a potential participant (p. 47). Knowles is directly supporting the basic principles of democracy with this contention. Societies provide the framework from which the individual operates. In authoritarian cultures, the individuals choices and the opportunities are limited; however, democracies allow citizens the freedom to become whomever they choose to be. Upon further examination, this author contends that both individual self-actualization and democracy tend to assume that individuals are good and will ma ke choices that will benefit themselves, their communities, and the larger society. Some within the field of adult education contend that social change should be the primary focus of adult education initiatives and have worked tirelessly to use education as a means of societal change. Although somewhat different in their ideologies, many of the major philosophies within the field of adult education emphasize some aspect of social action or social change. Social Transformation is a philosophical perspective that places a great deal of emphasis on empowering oppressed individuals with an overall goal of fostering transformative cultural and/or societal changes. One of the primary figures within this philosophical perspective of adult education was Paulo Friere. Although his may not be directly associated with all democratic principles, much of Frieres work revolved around educating oppressed individuals with the intention of providing them with the knowledge to recognize their rights as individuals and the need for change. Providing individuals with the knowledge to f oster change and encourage freedom is analogous with the democratic principals previously noted. According to Darkenwald and Merriam (1982), Friere believed that to be human is to seek to guides ones own destiny (p. 60). He truly believed that significant societal changes were possible by supporting and educating the individual, and he worked much of his life to provide these supports to his people. The problems and oppression endured by African Americans within the United States is somewhat similar to those described by Friere in his writings. Although the United States was founded on the democratic principles previously described, this particular portion of the population was segregated, demeaned, and not allowed to have the same rights as others for centuries. These oppressive actions were contrary to the freedom-focused democratic principals established by the founding fathers. Those who benefited from the labor of African Americans recognized that education would have changed the status quo and, as a result, fought vehemently against improved educational opportunities for African Americans. For many of these oppressed individuals, adult education was the only means attaining an education. Throughout history, many prominent and influential African Americans, such as Booker T. Washington, relied on adult education to gain the tools necessary to obtain the rights and freedoms that were suppose to be at the core of a democracy. Another example of an African American adult educator attempting to support individual learning and ultimately societal freedom was Alain Lock. He was a professor who spent a great deal of time developing programs and organization adult education initiatives that were geared toward the African American population. According to Gyant (1988), Locke believed that learning must be meaningful and must relate to ones own experience (p. 104). Adapting the educational environment to focus on the individuals experiences is one of the key principles associated with adult education. As previously suggested, participation is one of the primary factors in a successful democracy. Adults, particularly from marginalized backgrounds, often do not feel connected with the larger society. Adult education improves the democratic process for these individuals by altering the conversation to fit their needs. This author believes that adapting educational practices with regard to democratic and political pr ocesses will increase engagement, and ultimately participation among targeted groups. Historically, adult education has proven to be an effective means increasing awareness for individual rights of immigrants, women, and others minority groups. This author would also argue that the organizational effectiveness philosophy, as it relates to adult education, may be associated with the growth and development of democratic principals and ideas. Those who approach adult education from the organizational effectiveness perspective contend that supporting and improving practices for both individuals and organizations will eventually lead to improved outcomes individual workers, the organization, eventually the larger society. Casey (2003) contends that the increased autonomy and freedom in the workplace that typically results from adhering to adult education principles reflects and encourages the revitalization of models of civil, democratic society. Individuals spend a good portion of their lives within the work environment. Through knowledge and skills gained within the workplace, individuals often learn to become increasingly independent and knowledgeable, and many participate in adult education programs in hopes of improving the ir quality of life and becoming more successful. In terms of affiliation, a number of people tend to associate themselves with larger groups or communities in relation to their particular work environment. All of these factors suggest that the workplace permeates through several aspects of an individuals life and is often associated with the ability to achieve better outcomes. Democratic principles encourage and accommodate individual growth and development while adult education is often the means by which it occurs. Industrial growth and development had a signification impact on both democracy and the field of adult education. With increased opportunity, the freedoms and rights supported by democracy were more accessible to a larger portion of the population. This accessibility fostered demographic and cultural changes. Many African Americans moved to the industrial parts of the county in search of jobs and the promise of a better life for themselves and their families. Immigrants also moved to this country for similar reasons, and women increasingly began to pursue available opportunities within the workplace. During this transitional phase, adult education became increasingly prominent in both the workplace and within the larger community as a means of addressing the needs of the changing population. According to Merriam and Brockett (2007), the emphasis of adult education began to shift somewhat from the more liberal perspective to providing increased organizational and community support (p. 35). Individuals needed to be trained to complete assigned tasks within the workplace, many immigrants participated in courses that were touted as a means of helping them acclimate to the dominant culture, and increased attention was given to teaching individuals in need of basic academic skills. Ultimately, adult education, organizational effectiveness, and democracy can interconnect and play a role in shaping society as well as supporting the citizens within a democracy Adult education is a field that is consistently changing and adapting to address the needs of individuals and communities. Some of the significant changes involve the infusion of technologies, such as social networking, that are often used as a means of providing and spreading information. This technology has been instrumental in the spread and growth of democratic ideals in several Middle Eastern countries. Technology and the internet are making it more difficult to control the spread of information. As citizens of these countries become more informed, they are beginning to call for many of the rights and freedoms associated with democracy. As previously noted, this author believes that the basis of democracy is an informed citizenry and increased participation. Although the medium has changed, adult education is continuing to support the democratic process around the world. From a theoretical perspective, much of the fields focus has become increasingly geared towards theories such as postmodernism and critical theory. One goal underlying this trend within the field of adult education is to continuously evaluate and determine if commonly accepted concepts, such as democracy are actually effective and inclusive. Similar to other adult education perspectives, the goal is to bring about change and develop more effective programming that addresses the needs of all individuals. Adult educators have increasingly become focused on encouraging the learner to critically assess traditionally accepted processes, and consider the positive and negative effects that these processes have on various cultural, ethnic, or other potentially marginalized groups. Adult educators have begun to challenge the status quo, as well as policies and practices that are believed to be ineffective and unfair. This author believes that these challenges and the questioning of authority are excellent examples of the manner in which an effective democracy works. The power to question and create change should be given to the individual. In his discussion of critical adult education in terms of democracy, Martin (2003) suggests that adult educators should expand our notions of what it means to be active citizens in a democratic society (p. 566). Although the field of adult education is consistently changing, adult educators and theorists are continuing to prompt citizens to take action and participate in the process. Adult education is a field that encompasses a number of philosophies and ideals that are aimed at supporting improved individual, community, and societal outcomes. Democracy is a framework through which individuals are provided with the opportunities and freedoms to seek these improved outcomes. Through an examination of the major philosophies associated with adult education, this author has demonstrated the close relationship between adult education and democracy. Despite their differences, each philosophical perspective under the umbrella of adult education is directly related to the development of an informed citizenry. Adults have the power to foster change, and democracy is dependent on the participation of citizens who are knowledgeable about the issues facing both themselves and society. Throughout history, adult education has supported democratic principles by expanding ideas and providing information to citizens. This exploration into the nature of democracy and adult educat ion has demonstrated that adult education is a crucial and necessary component of democratic process.

The Good German :: essays research papers

"The Good German", by Joseph Kanon can be categorized by placement in a variety of genres, Thriller, Mystery, Historical Fiction, Love Story, and more. The work is certainly all of these, however I believe much more important is the study of twelve years of human behavior, presented within the context of events primarily following the close of The European phase of World War Two. I don't know that any other conflict has generated more literature than the one symbolized by the swastika, the word Holocaust, and the unprecedented Crimes Against Humanity Trials at Nuremberg. Superficially, the evil of the war is routinely placed with great ease. Even at this level it is hard to take issue with placing the blame on a man, the party he created, and the nation that joined that party, served in the SS, and made the crimes that took place possible. What happened when the fighting stopped, when the shooting war with The Axis ended, and the Cold War with The Soviet Union began? The latter had really begun prior to the first one ending. The shades of gray that dominated the conduct of The Allies immediately following the end of hostilities, and the repercussions that would follow for decades, is brilliantly set side by side with conduct during the war. Mr. Kanon never minimizes any of the horror that took place; he questions none of the atrocities that were committed. He does bring post-war reality to his tale that cannot be said to match the actions of The Third Reich; he does however absolutely portray conduct on all sides, which traditional history would rather marginalize. Nothing is ever as simple as it seems, and while there were episodes of good versus evil, and events that were black and white, inconvenient shades of gray were everywhere. Without exception all of the players in this book are guilty of some form of aberrant behavior, which outside of the circumstance of war would never be questioned as wrong. However when placed within the context of World War Two, which was unique for the range and intensity of the evil it spread, do the judgments and answers remain so clear? A person is put on trial at war's end for collaborating with The Nazi SS; let us say the person facilitated the capture of Jews for transportation to death camps. The jury would probably not spend a great deal of time deliberating this example. Same example with a bit more detail, the person is a Jew who was given the option of pointing out other Jews in exchange for their life and the lives of their

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I do not agree with the theorem that the successful brands are build on the successful products. It has been deliberate that the successful brands are built on the beliefs and not on the products. The most of the individuals don’t contemplate about underpinning the brand they develop but they necessitate offering a good product and earn a good income through selling it in the marketplace. Moreover, the thing on which most of the successful small businesses operate is the good and solid foundation of shared values and beliefs. These values go more than the attributes of the product. By communicating these attitudes and values, the company put itself on the successful way of transacting business and it helps in finding out the company’s real worth and value. The research has found that all the great companies have a common ideology of â€Å"fundamental values and a sense of persistence beyond just creating cash†. This inspires the people throughout the organization. (Vrontis, 1998) The successful brand is fundamental to a number of the factors. According to a bedrock idea or principle, every turn supports a product or a company and such a platform is known as positioning. A brand has no attraction without the element of positioning. The brand which has some sort of uniqueness and reliability, it will get the distinct advantage and attention of the people in the market. The successful brand is the result of three characteristics which are to be different, to be focused and to be relevant. The determinants of successful brands are discussed below: TO BE DIFFERENT Companies can build a strong brand by sticking out from the competition. Putting itself in the background noise is the great loss for the business. TO BE FOCUSED Being focused... ...he customers regarding the New Coke. The company returned to the old Coke following the great level of allegations from the customers. (Nicholas, 2013) WHY DO THE COMPANIES PREFER BRANDING Most of the companies rely heavily on the branding for the reason that the customers are often seen committed with brands and make repeat purchases. It is the nature of the loyal customers and even all the human beings that they do not leave the product, which facilitates them in some way better than any other product regardless of price. Nowadays, the companies are trying to cultivate the loyal customers by treating them in different way such as rewarding them and offering incentives. In this way, the companies get â€Å"the free word of mouth† marketing by making the people pleased to talk about the product positively in front of their friends and relatives. (Brand Loyalty, 2011)

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: English Literature Essays

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a fourteenth-century tale written by an anonymous poet, chronicles how Sir Gawain of King Arthur’s Round Table finds his virtue compromised. A noble and truthful knight, Gawain accepts the Green Knight’s challenge at Arthur’s New Years feast. On his way to the Green Chapel, Gawain takes shelter from the cold winter at Lord Bercilak’s castle. The lord makes an agreement with Gawain to exchange what they have one at the end of the day. During the three days that the lord is out hunting, his wife attempts to seduce Gawain. At the end of the story, it is revealed that Morgan le Faye has orchestrated the entire situation to disgrace the Knights of the Round Table by revealing that one of their best, Sir Gawain, is not perfect. The passage begins with Lord Bercilak returning from his first hunting trip. As has been agreed, he hands over the wild boar he has killed to Gawain. In turn, Gawain gives the lord a kiss. The lord gives Gawain a chance to admit that he has been intimate with Lady Bercilak when he says, â€Å"it might be [the kiss] all the better, would you but say where you won this same award† (Norton 187. Gawain is a gentleman, who would never kiss and tell, so the two reaffirm their pact for the next day. The lord’s determination in â€Å"pursuing the wild swine till the sunlight slanted† is paralleled by his wife’s determination in seducing Gawain as â€Å"she was at him with all her art to turn his mind her way† (188). Lady Bercilak attempts to exploit Gawain’s reputation as she tries to seduce him. She greets him in the bedroom and coyly asks how â€Å"a man so well-meaning, and mannerly disposed†¦cannot act in company as courtesy bids† (189). Lady Bercilak is not subtle (she points out that the door is locked and the two are alone in the castle) as she offers herself to Gawain, saying, â€Å"I am yours to command, to kiss when you please† (189). She tries to make Gawain feel guilty by implying that he is insulting her by not succumbing to her seductions and proclaiming his love to her.

Anwar Chowdhury

The bishop tells a few returning soldiers â€Å"When the boys come back, they will not be the same; for they fought in a just cause: they lead the last attack on Anti-Christ. † The freshly-returned-home soldiers respond in what can almost be described as an angry tone ‘Vale's none of us the same! † The boys then continue on saying the various predicaments that they ran into throughout the terrors of the war and the nightmarish situations that presented homeless to the lads through various battles.The boys continue on saying â€Å"George lost both legs, bill is stone blind! † The Bishop, in an ironic response to the boys explanation of why they re changed the way they are, quickly remarks â€Å"The ways of God are strange! † With how this poem started off, the bishop claiming these boys will be different, the reader can only assume he would sympathize with the boys after hearing their struggles. Instead, the bishop simply exclaims â€Å"The ways of Go d are strange! This is irony.Another device used is the rhyme scheme which is seen throughout the poem. â€Å"New right to breed an honorable race, they have challenged death and dared him face to face. † The rhyme scheme strengthens the overwhelming emotion that Swanson is trying to heavily convey onto the readers. Both of these devices are used in great ways that very clearly bring forward the theme of â€Å"How war takes a toll on someone. † Caisson's poetry starts off with an excerpt of speech from a church bishop.

Triple Bottom Lines And Its Different Representations Environmental Sciences Essay

Triple Bottom Lines is a doctrine or manner of believing about sustainability, akin to the construct of corporate societal duty, it has become merely a mechanism for accounting and coverage. Triple bottom lines is frequently championed by people who have small apprehension of what the societal entails although it is meant to add societal and environment to the equation ( Frank Vanclay in his publication for University of Tasmania ) . The ternary bottom line is diversely described as: societal, environmental and economic public presentation ; The Triple Bottom Line ( TBL ) is a construct that has received official sanction as a model for promoting institutional concern about sustainability ( quoted by Frank Vanclay in his publication on Triple Bottom Lines construct for University of Tasmania ) . The ternary bottom line is made up of societal, economic and environmental the people, planet, net income phrase was coined for Shell by SustainAbility, influenced by twentieth century urbanist Patrick Geddes ‘s impression of common people, work and topographic point. Peoples, planet and net income compactly describes the ternary underside lines and the end of sustainability ( Wikipedia ) .Sutherland Shire Council attack to TBL – Local Government Sector.Beginning: www.suthlib.nsw.gov.auCouncil respects itself as a Triple Bottom Line ( TBL ) administration. The Council ‘s way is to prosecute sustainability across economic, societal and environmental considerations and they address these issues on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing in the deliberate actions, undertakings and plans that are portion of our concern. However, the council recognise that there are unintended environmental, societal and economic impactsA or ‘by merchandises ‘ of the work that they do. Some illustrations include:Actions, Undertakings and ProgramsPositive ImpactsNegative ImpactsProvision and care of Parkss, featuring and community installations Encourages healthy and active life style Playing Fieldss require irrigating to keep grass Installation of Gross Pollution Traps ( GPTs ) Cleaner stormwater run-off which means healthier waterways, beaches and wetlands Waste and environmental impact of edifice plants In my sentiment, the Council has aspiration to accomplish sustainability through ternary underside lines attack, but it fails to understand the demand of future demands that was represented as negative impact. Although H2O for the parklands, drama countries, play evidences, etc. is a turning concern but, there are state of affairss where councils have managed to guarantee minimal lacrimation to these countries through waste H2O intervention workss, desalinization workss, etc. for e.g. Adelaide metropolis has managed irrigating to its parklands by constructing WWTP works and grapevine undertakings. Therefore, I do non hold that this is a negative impact due to execution of sustainability through ternary bottom attack.The Sustainability Challenge undertaking with Triple Bottom Lines concept/approach by the â€Å" Irrigation Futures † – Irrigation Industry.Beginning: www.irrigationfutures.org.au As per Irrigation Futures, the undertaking is to understand what sustainability is for irrigation communities around Australia. They understand that this is a response to community demands now of irrigation industries to non merely better environmental public presentation but to show accomplishment through validated and accepted public presentation steps. Besides, to what I agree, their vision is an irrigation industry that applies triple-bottom-line coverage for uninterrupted betterment and enhanced sustainability. I understand that ternary bottom line attack in irrigation industry can accomplish long term success by keeping balance in its public presentation and carry throughing community necessities that is non limited to rural but besides urban countries.Triple Bottom Lines construct from the Sustainable Homes.Beginning: www.sustainable-homes.org.au/02_design/triple.htm The Smart and Sustainable Homes plan sets out to demystify the significance of sustainable lodging, which is about making appropriate lodging design for our local clime and environmental scene, the varied life state of affairss we are likely to confront and our budget. Sustainable Homes define sustainable lodging as: Planning, planing and edifice homes to do them more socially, environmentally and economically responsible. Practically, this means they are more comfy, livable, low-cost, accessible, antiphonal, healthier and cost effectual to populate in over the medium to long-run. I partly agree with the Sustainable Homes on the construct of constructing sustainable places. I observe it is of import to construct places that are sustainable, but it became mindfully hard to construct such places due to impact of the Global Financial Crisis. From many studies conducted by Real Estate communities it was noticed that the bargain rate of sustainable places has been decreased.DISCUSS THE PRINCIPLES OF TRIPLE BOTTOM LINES, AND HOW THEY ARE REFLECTED IN THE GENERAL CONCEPT AND ITS DIFFERENT REPRESENTATIONS IN MORE Specific TERMS.In my position, the on-going procedure of pull offing economic, environment and societal constituents of an administration non restricting to the community countries, preserve heritage, honest net income system, etc. to accomplish sustainability is the chief rule. The rules of Triple Bottom Lines are aimed to accomplish sustainability non compromising the elements of ternary underside lines, sustainable concerns aimed to accomplish economic prosperity and non compromising equity among community groups and the quality of environment. Besides, it is regarded that TBL is a better tool for describing sustainability and corporations will acknowledge issues, foresee and differentiate community concerns by affecting with community groups and non-government administrations. Social rules that can keep equity among community groups, just intervention to the community groups, reinvestment of net incomes in the community groups through charity / undertakings for common good and suiting all ages of community groups. Economic rules that guarantee honest net income system, concerns following with the societal and environment sustainability and mitigate costs by utilizing energy efficient materials/appliances. Environment rules that control on natural stuffs use in edifice & A ; building from abroad, educate and promote recycling of stuffs, cut down the impact on environment by pull offing emanations and manage production of toxic points.DISCCUSS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRIPLE BOTTOM LINES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.As defined in the class notes, the indexs of sustainability are fundamentally related to economic, environmental and societal, by and large known as the three-base hit underside lines. However in corporate sectors, Triple underside line is an amalgam of fiscal consequences and an appraisal of the societal and environmental impacts of a concern or merely People, Planet and Profits ( Rodger Hill of KPMG ) . The by and large accepted definition of sustainable development came from the Brundtland study ( WCED, 1987 ) : ‘development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands ‘ . The Triple Bottom Lines i.e. economic, environment and societal are the indexs of Sustainable Development. Whereas, the sustainable development is defined with the cardinal subjects such as earth resources, biodiversity, future coevals, betterment in quality of life, equity between different groups of people, balance between viing ends i.e. economic, environment and societal, realization on mutuality within and between all communities, etc. In my position, ternary underside lines are about the impact that an administration / sector / industry is holding on the community to accomplish a sustainable development outlined by the community. Triple Bottom Line attack is one of the cardinal rules in Sustainable Development with other rules such as Humility rule, precautional rule and reversibility rule along with Inter and intra-generation equity, Precautionary rule and Conservation of biodiversity that are described in assorted intergovernmental understandings. TheA TBL can besides be used as a decision-making tool, by sketching in progress the environmental, societal and economic impacts of a undertaking and measuring the undertaking on all these positions before make up one's minding to travel in front to accomplish sustainable development ( Sutherland Shire Council, NSW ) . Impact Assessment and the Triple Bottom Line is sustainable development, sustainable environment, sustainable communities, impact on society, the environment, and economic sustainability, economic, environmental and societal sustainability, economic prosperity, environmental quality, and societal justness, economic growing, ecological balance and societal advancement, economic growing, societal advancement and environmental wellness, economic system, environment, equity, net income, people, planet ( or planet, people, net income ) ( paraphrase – www.minerals.csiro.au ) .DISCUSS THE APPLICATION OF TRIPLE BOTTOM LINES TO SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION.The ternary bottom line construct of sustainability is achieved through the application of smart design rules at the early phases of planning and building the place. Making these determinations upfront translates to multiple benefits for residents by making a place that is safer, more secure, flexible, comfy, environmentally-friendly and cost-effective over clip ( www.sustainable-homes.org.au ) . A sustainable place expressions like a normal house, but is designed and constructed to include the rules of sustainable design which attempts to equilibrate societal, environmental and economic considerations ( www.sustainable-homes.org.au ) .EnvironmentalI agree that the environmentally sustainable places designed with resource proficiency constituents like H2O, energy and waste including solar design characteristics like building methodological analysis, airing, shadowing, insularity, dual glazed Windowss, orientation, edifice stuffs, etc. Resource efficiency equates to lifestyle benefits for occupants in footings of improved thermic comfort ( societal sustainability ) and decreased running costs for the place ( economic sustainability ) ( www.sustainable-homes.org.au ) . Building and building that are designed affecting natural and environmental jeopardies are more sustainable get bying with natural catastrophes, catastrophes, etc. cut downing the economic and human loss. Design shall besides run into the criterions for CO2 emanations and nursery gas emanations. Furthermore the major environmental issues due to building are defined as planetary heating and inauspicious clime alteration, air pollution, H2O pollution, risky stuffs, planning, land usage and preservation, nursery gas emanation, etc. Environmental deductions of disposing of building waste can include depletion of natural resources and wastage of energy required to bring forth stuffs. The chief type of waste is soil rubble, followed by concrete-based masonry and clay-based wastes such as bricks and tile that have greater impact than others. For illustration, gypsum plasterboard disposed off in landfill produces toxicant H sulfide ( www.abs.gov.au -AGO 2002d ) .EconomicAppreciated design features including ingestion and production forms of energy, stuffs, waste direction and conveyance are cardinal in bring forthing an economical sustainable building. In my sentiment, inclusion of modular design, high energy rated contraptions such as H2O heating systems based on solar/power, infrigidation, air-conditioning, contraptions, etc. will cut down running costs of edifices. I do non hold with the use of some low quality local merchandises including edifice stuffs, mechanical and electrical fixtures & A ; adjustments, low energy rated contraptions, etc. that may cut down costs ab initio and during building but will increase the care costs of edifices. But, incorporation of long life span stuffs that can understate care costs can be a solution. To maximize economic system in building and cut down the impact of environmental jeopardies the sum of waste shall be managed by thorough appraisal and identifying stuffs that can be recycled wheresoever practical and economical. Materials intended for recycling are shall be collected individually in order to utilize them efficaciously. Use of recycled stuffs like concrete and bricks can be used for puting the impermanent roads to the site or even used as a difficult base for machineries like nomadic Cranes alternatively of dumping the stuffs into landfills. On many occasions, concrete and bricks are crushed into pieces and used as sums to fix howitzer, which is so used to put pavings and non-loading constructions.SocialIn my sentiment, places shall be designed with people in head and sing the demands such as safety, security, entree and design for a place that will carry through the demands for the present and the hereafter. Homes that are designed for people as a nucleus constituen t shall carry through demands of people at all phases of lives including impermanent demands. Homes that are easy adaptable to a diverse scope of people demands, safety and their comfort are universally designed. A pleasing aesthetic built environment will beef up dealingss with the occupants in the community leting safe societal and neighbourhood webs detering offense through inactive surveillance. Building and building affecting this method will reflect what we have built and what we value. It would be wise to hold balance in proportion of urban countries with poorness population to keep equity in community groups. Social demands such as wellness, instruction, resources, administration, etc. are maintained every bit harmonizing to the proportion of communities.Use A CASE ( OR CASES ) STUDY TO DEMONSTRATE HOW TO USE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION.Case survey for sustainable development and sustainable building utilizing ternary bottom lines.SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE – Addressing Local Needs on Eyre Peninsula( Case survey conducted by SA WATER ) Purpose: The long term handiness and security of drinkable H2O on Eyre Peninsula is an of import issue for the prosperity, economic system and quality of life of the communities on Eyre Peninsula. Analysis of societal sustainability: In response to prosecuting with the local communities on Eyre Peninsula to seek future solutions, SA Water is trialling a desalinization works near Port Lincoln, bring forthing drinkable H2O from brackish H2O sourced from the Tod River. The test commenced in January 2003 for an initial 6 month period. Detailed appraisals are being undertaken to measure the long term sustainability of ongoing usage of desalinization as a H2O intervention option. It can be observed that draging a desalinization works by SA Water aims to accomplish an economical and environmental attack towards the end sustainability. In measuring the viability for procuring long term H2O supply for the Eyre Peninsula communities, SA Water is actively undertaking community audience and elaborate environmental impact appraisals, including the quantification of sustainable outputs from the Tod River and environmental flows for the catchment ecosystem. Of equal importance, is measuring any possible impacts on the Marine environment, peculiarly given the value to the local economic system of the aquaculture and fishing industries. Surveies on environmental impacts including the apprehension of demands for community groups in the Eyre Peninsula stood the chief aim to accomplish societal sustainability. Achievement through societal attack: In chase of a solution which will run into economic, societal and environmental demands for the Eyre Peninsula community now and in the hereafter, SA Water undertook a Life Cycle Analysis of assorted H2O supply options. The bill of exchange study was received in June 2003 nevertheless, due to the subsequent project of extra related work, the concluding study is due December 2003. The analysis will seek to broaden and inform SA Water ‘s apprehension of all environmental impacts, in peculiar energy usage and environmental impacts of substructure. Decision: Jointly, this work will organize the footing for informing SA Water ‘s way in best helping the Eyre Peninsula community with positive solutions for the long term sustainability of their local H2O supply. From the above it is apparent that SA Water thrived to drag a desalinization works in the Eyre Peninsula to run into the Social demands. This grapevine undertaking with corporate analysis will non merely run into the local demands but besides pull offing the other two rules of ternary underside lines i.e. economic and environmental positions of the undertaking.ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE – Public Private Partnerships & A ; Victor Harbor Wastewater Treatment Plant( Case survey conducted by SA WATER ) Purpose: The metropolis of Victor Harbor is served by a Wastewater Treatment Plant ( WWTP ) which was commissioned in 1972, and is approaching its rated capacity. Most of the treated Wastewater is discharged into the nearby Inman River. The intervention procedure is non designed for alimentary decrease and discharge of treated effluent is holding an inauspicious consequence on the river environment downstream of the works. Description: In polling future solutions through a community audience procedure, a clear penchant emerged for the resettlement of the effluent intervention works to a new site and for the new works to bring forth a high-quality treated effluent to understate impacts on the Inman River and optimise chances for reuse. As a consequence, in 2001 the Government announced that a intervention works utilizing membrane filtration Technology would be constructed at a new site remote from the town. Engineering invention with ternary underside attack has helped the resettlement of WWTP to relieve the impacts on the Inman River and better the status of H2O for reuse. Government besides approved that SA Water see securing the undertaking under a Build, Own, Operate and Transfer ( BOOT ) contract. Under a BOOT contract, which is consistent with Public Private Partnership ( PPP ) structures, the private sector is responsible for planing, building, runing and keeping substructure assets to present a service bundle. The contract specifies service bringing in end product footings instead than through a elaborate building specification, thereby leting range for invention and flexibleness. The contract normally entails private capital finance. Analysis of economic sustainability: Undertakings and such WWTP workss can function the community demands by affecting Public Private Partnership so that they are built to criterions following TBL attack and guaranting all party duty during bringing and operation of Plants. From an unfastened call for looks of involvement, four advocates were invited to tender in mid 2002, ensuing in the choice of United Utilities as preferable tenderer in February 2003. Formation of the Victor Harbor contract is consistent with PPP Guidelines of the Department of Treasury and Finance, including comparing of the stamp monetary value with a public sector comparator ( PSC ) . The PSC is the estimated cost of the undertaking in present value footings if SA Water were to ain and pull off the undertaking under the same hazard profile, conditions and public presentation demands as the BOOT contract. In the instance of the Victor Harbor undertaking, the contract solution outputs better value for money than an estimated undertaking solution for the tantamount inhouse service bringing and involves proficient invention and operational hazard that the private sector is capable of pull offing cost-effectively. Accomplishments with economic sustainability attack: The Victor Harbor WWTP undertaking is a PPP enterprise between SA Water and United Utilities, affecting building and operation of a new WWTP to function the community of Victor Harbor. Construction is scheduled to be carried out in 2004-05, for undertaking commissioning by mid 2005.United WaterOn 1 January 1996, United Water commenced a contract to pull off, run and keep SA Water ‘s metropolitan H2O and effluent systems under a fee-for-service agreement.Henry Walker EnvironmentalCommissioned in 1997, the Aldinga WWTP was a in private financed BOOT strategy works that was contracted for 25 old ages to the Henry Walker Environmental Group.Riverland WaterUnder a 25-year contract, established in 1996, Riverland Water was commissioned to run 10 H2O filtration workss on behalf of SA Water in regional South Australia. Operation of the workss was under a Build Own Operate Transfer ( BOOT ) strategy.Hydro TasmaniaIn 2001-02, SA Water entered into a joint venture with Hydro Tasmania to p ut in mini-hydro turbines on Adelaide ‘s H2O distribution system and gaining control renewable energy for usage by SA Water. Decision: Incorporation of Build, Own, Operate and Transfer ( BOOT ) contract which is consistent with Public Private Partnership ( PPP ) structures, SA Water finalised WWTP undertaking at Victor Harbour that is Economically sustainable / feasible by affecting all parties following with the ternary underside line position.ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE – Pull offing Environmental Impacts & A ; the Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme( Case survey conducted by SA WATER ) Purpose: To provide filtered H2O to the Clare Valley townships of Watervale, Penwortham, Sevenhill, Leasingham and Mintaro under $ 34.8 million via the Morgan-Whyalla grapevine. It can be noted that this undertaking will present filtered H2O to the part that is environmentally sustainable as it will carry through the current demands and hereafter every bit good. Community needs: Residents of these towns have lobbied consecutive State authoritiess for decennaries, but a reticulated H2O supply was ne'er considered feasible. With support from agriculturists in the part for a system which would present H2O for irrigation every bit good as heightening security of supply to Yorke Peninsula, the State Government announced in 2002 the undertaking would travel in front. This determination will heighten the dealingss with community groups as the undertaking was long anticipated, but can function for long term. Provision of filtered H2O to these towns will supplement and assist conserve local H2O resources and hike touristry and urban development which is needed to back up economic growing in the part. Understanding the undertaking: The Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme demonstrates SA Water ‘s committedness to the proviso of high quality services consistent with sustainable regional development for South Australian communities. The strategy comprises about 83km of grapevine, 4 ML H2O storage armored combat vehicle at Trillians Hill, a supporter pump station near Clare and a new pump station near Mintaro. Water will be supplied from the River Murray to the Clare Valley part within the bing River Murray cap allotments, consistent with a cardinal aim of the National Water Reform Agenda to advance efficiency through traveling H2O to higher value users. Interaction with community groups / administrations: After audience with the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation ( DWLBC ) , the Department for Environment and Heritage ( DEH ) and the Environment Protection Agency ( EPA ) , SA Water had a comprehensive environmental appraisal of the strategy carried out by an independent expert before building commenced. This appraisal indicated that the importing of River Murray H2O into the Clare Valley part for usage in irrigation can be managed to avoid possible inauspicious environmental effects. Further proficient probes are proposed to help in developing the direction regimes for apportioning imported H2O usage in each sub-catchment, to understate impacts on ecosystem wellness, land productiveness, H2O resources and downstream catchments. A series of community information yearss, Council briefings and stakeholder meetings were undertaken to explicate the possible environmental impacts of the strategy. Environmental appraisal through interaction with community, administrations, building spouses, heritage saving, etc. will assist to understand the undertaking sustainability. Achievement through ternary underside lines attack: To guarantee the on-going protection of local H2O resources in the Clare Valley, a monitoring plan has been prepared in concurrence with DWLBC. The bing land and surface H2O monitoring webs are being expanded, including the building of, and trying from, new monitoring Wellss and constitution of new surface H2O monitoring Stationss and in-stream biology monitoring along watercourses in the Clare Valley. With appropriate adaptative direction governments in topographic point, the Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme will supply valuable societal and economic benefits to occupants and agriculturists in an environmentally sustainable mode. Decision: SA Water achieved success in developing a reticulated H2O supply undertaking under $ 34.8 million strategy to convey filtered H2O to Clare Valley townships. This undertaking non merely has incorporated environmental sustainability but besides met the economic and societal elements of ternary underside lines by providing filtered H2O to the part and enhanced the urban development. To guarantee the ongoing and the future demands of environment sustainability, steps such as land H2O monitoring Wellss, new surface H2O monitoring Stationss and in-stream biology monitoring along watercourses were included in the undertaking.